Summary Multi-injection pharmaceutical solutions like insulin need to be formulated to prevent aggregation and microbial contamination. Smaller-molecule preservatives and nonionic surfactants which include poloxamer 188 (P188) are So often used in protein drug formulations. Even so, mixtures of preservatives and surfactants can induce aggregation and in many cases stage separation https://rptpolo18809876.csublogs.com/40346442/polo188-fundamentals-explained